• NAME
• SYNTAX
• DESCRIPTION
  • Return Values and UDUNITS-2 Errors
  • Error Message Handlers
  • Lua Modules
    • The Modules
• API CHANGES
• C Library support routines
• PITFALLS
  • Lua Thread safety
  • Error Messages
  • Unimplemented Functionality
• AUTHOR
• COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

NAME

lua_udunits2 - Lua interface to the udunits2 library

SYNTAX

  ut = require('udunits2')
  uts = require('udunits2.system')
  utu = require('udunits2.unit')
  cv = require('udunits2.converter')

DESCRIPTION

lua_udunits2 provides a Lua interface for the UCAR UDUNITS-2 units conversion library. Its documentation should be used to understand its basic functionality and use. This document describes only the Lua interface.

lua_udunits2 distinguishes between methods (which operate on ut_system, ut_unit, or cv_converter objects) and functions, which do not. There is a small set of subroutines which may be interpreted as being in either category; both functions and methods are provided for those.

In most cases the names and arguments for the Lua routines are the same as for the C routines with the following changes:

• The ut_ and cv_ prefixes have been removed.

• Methods use the standard Lua method invocation, so

    ut_unit* unit = ut_new_base_unit( system );

  becomes

    unit = system:new_base_unit()

Exceptions are noted in "API CHANGES". See also "PITFALLS".

Return Values and UDUNITS-2 Errors

UDUNITS-2 uses function return values and the ut_get_status() function to obtain the status of the last call to the function. Some functions return the status directly, others return a NULL pointer and the caller must use ut_get_status() to obtain further information.

The Lua interface strives to be a bit more Lua-like.

The Lua versions of UDUNITS-2 routines which return ut_status return a boolean indicating success or failure, and in the case of failure the status code and the value of the C system variable errno.

The Lua versions of UDUNITS-2 routines which return objects return the object upon success; upon failure they return nil, the status code, and the value of the C system variable errno.

The ut_get_status() and ut_set_status functions are still available.

Error Message Handlers

UDUNITS-2 supports user provided error message handlers. Lua functions may be used as handlers, but the API is different. See the documentation for set_error_message_handler in "API CHANGES" for more information.

Lua Modules

The UDUNITS-2 library is exposed via four Lua modules. When require'd these modules are not inserted into the global symbol table. So, do this:

  ut = require('udunits')

not this:

  require('udunits')

Only load a module to access its functions. Objects will automatically find their methods. For example, in the following code, it is not required to load udunits2.unit for the unit1 object to have access to the same_system() method.

  uts = require( 'udunits2.system' )
  system = uts.new()
  unit1 = system:new_base_unit()
  unit2 = system:new_base_unit()
  unit1:same_system( unit 2)

The Modules

udunits2

This module provides the following functions:

  trim
  encode_date
  encode_clock
  encode_time
  decode_time
  get_status
  set_status
  set_error_message_handler (see below for API change)
  handle_error_message (see below for API change)

UDUNITS-2 provides a number of enumerated constants; these are provided as integers with the UT_ prefix removed.

  ASCII ISO_8859_1 LATIN1 UTF8

  SUCCESS BAD_ARG EXISTS NO_UNIT OS NOT_SAME_SYSTEM
  MEANINGLESS NO_SECOND VISIT_ERROR CANT_FORMAT SYNTAX
  UNKNOWN OPEN_ARG OPEN_ENV OPEN_DEFAULT PARSE

  NAMES DEFINITION

This module provides an additional function not available in UDUNITS-2:

isa

  boolean = isa( object, type )

returns true if object is a UDUNITS-2 object of the specified type. type is a string and may take one of the following values:

  converter
  error_message_handler
  system
  unit

udunits2.system

This module provides the following functions:

  new (same as ut_new_system() )
  read_xml

and the following methods

  add_name_prefix                 new_base_unit
  add_symbol_prefix               new_dimensionless_unit
  get_dimensionless_unit_one      parse
  get_unit_by_name                unmap_name_to_unit
  get_unit_by_symbol              unmap_symbol_to_unit

udunits2.unit

This module provides the following functions:

  are_convertible
  compare
  divide
  get_converter
  multiply
  same_system

and the following methods:

  are_convertible                 map_symbol_to_unit (API change)
  clone                           map_unit_to_name
  compare                         map_unit_to_symbol
  divide                          multiply
  format (API change)             offset
  get_converter                   offset_by_time
  get_name                        raise
  get_symbol                      root
  get_system                      same_system
  invert                          scale  (API change)
  is_dimensionless                set_second
  log (API change)                unmap_unit_to_name
  map_name_to_unit (API change)   unmap_unit_to_symbol

Note that there is overlap between the methods and the functions.

udunits2.converter

This module provides the following functions:

  combine                         get_galilean
  get_trivial                     get_converter
  get_inverse                     get_log
  get_scale                       get_pow
  get_offset

and the following methods:

  combine
  convert
  get_expression

Note that there is overlap between the methods and the functions. The cv_convert_float and cv_convert_double functions are coalesced into the convert method.

API CHANGES

ut_map_name_to_unit

  C:   ut_map_name_to_unit( name, encoding, const unit)
  Lua: unit:map_name_to_unit( name, encoding )

ut_map_symbol_to_unit

  C:   ut_map_symbol_to_unit( symbol, encoding, const unit)
  Lua: unit:map_symbol_to_unit( symbol, encoding )

ut_scale

  C:   ut_scale( factor, unit )
  Lua: unit:scale( factor )

ut_log

  C:   ut_log( base, unit )
  Lua: unit:log( base )

ut_format

  C:   ut_format(unit, buf, size, opts)
  Lua: buf = unit:format( opts )

The output string is limited to 1023 bytes.

ut_handle_error_message

In Lua, pass a simple string

  C:   ut_handle_error_message(fmt, ...)
  Lua: handle_error_message( string )

ut_set_error_message_handler

In C, a pointer to a ut_error_message_handler is passed and returned.

In Lua, pass in one of the following:

the string stderr

Error messages are written to the standard error string (equivalent to ut_write_to_stderr).

the string ignore

Error messages are discarded (equivalent to ut_ignore).

a Lua function

The function will be called with a single argument, the formatted error message string. Its length is limited to 1023 characters.

an error_message_handler object

This must come from a previous call to set_error_message_handler. Any operations on such an object are meaningless.

set_error_message_handler returns the last message handler set.

It may be either of the strings stderr, ignore, a Lua function, or a special error_message_handler object, which is used to encapsulate arbitrary handlers set from C. No operations on this object other than passing back to set_error_message_handler are defined.

cv_get_expression

  C:   cv_get_expression( converter, buf, max, variable )
  Lua: buf = converter:get_expression( variable )

C Library support routines

This package provides C side support for manipulating UDUNITS-2 objects on the Lua stack. This requires linking against the lib_lua_udunits2 library.

The following functions are declared in lua_udunits2.h:

Pushing a UDUNITS-2 object onto the Lua stack

  luaut_push_udata_system(luaState *L, ut_system* obj, int is_lua_managed);
  luaut_push_udata_unit(luaState *L, ut_unit* obj, int is_lua_managed);
  luaut_push_udata_converter(luaState *L, cv_converter* obj,
                              int is_lua_managed);
  luaut_push_udata_message_handler(luaState* L, ut_error_message_handler* obj,
                                   int is_lua_managed);

Pushes a UDUNITS-2 object pointer onto the Lua stack. If is_lua_managed is non-zero then deallocation of the object will be handled by Lua.

Extracting a UDUNITS-2 object from the Lua stack

  ut_system* luaut_tosystem(L,idx);
  ut_unit*   luaut_tounit(L,idx);
  cv_converter* luaut_toconverter(L,idx);
  ut_error_message_handler luaut_tomessage_handler(L,idx);

Return the UDUNITS-2 object pointer at the given stack location.

Type checking

  int luaut_is_system(L, idx);
  int luaut_is_unit(L, idx);
  int luaut_is_converter(L, idx);
  int luaut_is_message_handler(L, idx);

Return true if the object on the Lua stack at the given index is the specific type.

Function argument checking

  ut_system* luaut_check_system(L, narg);
  ut_unit*   luaut_check_unit(L, narg);
  cv_converter* luaut_check_converter(L, narg);
  ut_error_message_handler* luaut_check_message_handler(L, narg);

Raise an error if the given function is not of the specified type, else return the pointer to the object. Similar in spirit to the luaL_check* functions.

PITFALLS

Lua Thread safety

There is none. UDUNITS-2 stores some state in global variables. No attempt has been made to maintain consistency across multiple Lua threads or interpreters.

Error Messages

If multiple Lua interpreters call the library and one or more install Lua functions as error message handlers, interpreters which have not done so will throw an error when calling set_error_message_handler. This latter is a feature to prevent confused code.

Unimplemented Functionality

Visitors

None of the visitor functionality has been exposed.

cv_convert_floats

cv_convert_doubles

Conversions of arrays is not supported.

AUTHOR

Diab Jerius, <djerius@cfa.harvard.edu>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Copyright (C) 2011 by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

This software is released under the GNU General Public License. You may find a copy at http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html.