WE CALL THIS “EFFERVESCENT HEATING”

• Cluster gas heated by pockets of very buoyant (relativistic?) gas rising subsonically through ICM pressure gradient

  • Expanding bubbles do pdV work

• Dependent on two conditions:

  • Buoyant fluid does not mix (much) with cluster gas persistent X-ray “holes”
  • Acoustic & potential energy is converted to heat by damping and/or mixing