MTA Monitoring Report 01/11/13 - 01/17/13

Archive of all weekly reports
Archive of monthly reports


Radiation

Quiet.

Detrended CTI

Although we have quoted CTI values of the cleanest data (FT <= -119.7 C, int time > 7000sec), the data fills these conditions are getting rare. We quote CTI temperature factor corrected ones. The values in the parentheses are CTI based on the cleanest data.

Average of ACIS-I CCDs (MnKa) slope: 2.345e-9 CTI/day (1.571e-9 CTI/day)
Detrended slope: 6.961e-9 CTI/day (6.946e-9 CTI/day)

ACIS Warm Pixels

We display all bad pixels showed up in past, and, if any, previously unknown bad pixels appeared in the last 14 days. We also list hot pixels (defined as 1000 above the average of bias background). Warm columns 509-514 are probably due to a computational artificial effect due to boundaries.

 CCD0CCD1CCD2CCD3CCD4CCD5CCD6CCD7CCD8CCD9
Previously Unknown Bad Pixels                    
Current Warm Pixels (117,749) (153,205) (802,665) (910,239)   (703,739)       (335,412)    
Flickering Warm Pixels (692,141) (667,782) (427,125) (526,66) (764,98) (931,553) (811,637) (247,364) (109,1) (233,321) (233,322) (233,323) (233,324) (233,325) (233,326) (233,328) (263,317) (280,313) (369,376) (367,511) (352,544) (258,797) (669,577) (233,327) (233,315) (1023,166) (792,313) (282,385) (745,313) (884,31) (1000,214) (843,420) (199,678) (139,109) (197,241) (356,902) (587,544) (881,53) (913,165) (833,325) (1024,453) (1024,454) (1024,455) (1024,456) (1024,457) (1024,458) (636,819) (40,49)
Current Hot Pixels                    
Flickering Hot Pixels                    
Warm column candidates                    
Flickering Warm Column Candidates 509       509 509   509 1021 509 514 1021 1021

ACIS Focal Plane Temperature

For this period, 4 peaks are observed.

Weekly focal plane temperature with sun angle, earth angle, and altitude overplotted. Sun angle is the solar array angle, that is the angle between the sun and the optical axis (+X axis). The earth angle is the angle between earth and the ACIS radiator (+Z axis). Altitude varies from 5 kkm to 145 kkm.



SIM Movements

6 TSC moves this period

Telemetry

New violations or new extrema are shown in blue cells.

MSID 01/11/13 01/12/13 01/13/13 01/14/13 01/15/13 01/16/13 01/17/13 yellow limits
(lower)
upper
red limits
(lower)
upper
Units Description
1DE28AVO       (25.94)       (26.0)
34.0
(-999)
999
V DEA +28V INPUT A
1DPAMZT 303.83             (-20.0)
30.0
(-37.50)
40.50
C DPA -Z PANEL TEMP
5EPHINT 331.93   333.02     331.46   (261.15)
331.15
(258.15)
341.15
K EPHIN TEMP
HKEBOXTEMP 337.10   338.12   337.10     (268.15)
336.15
(253.15)
346.15
K EPHIN HOUSEKEEPING EBOX: TEMPERATURE (5EHSE300)
HKABIASLEAKI 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00   (-100.0)
0.50
(-200.0)
0.70
uA EPHIN HOUSEKEEPING A-BIAS: LEAKAGE CURRENT (5EHSE400)
HKCBIASLEAKI 45.20 45.20 45.20 45.20 45.20 44.49   (-100.0)
30.0
(-200.0)
40.0
uA EPHIN HOUSEKEEPING C-BIAS: LEAKAGE CURRENT (5EHSE600)
HKDBIASLEAKI 45.10 45.10 45.10 45.10 45.10 45.10   (-100.0)
30.0
(-200.0)
40.0
uA EPHIN HOUSEKEEPING D-BIAS: LEAKAGE CURRENT (5EHSE700)
HKEBIASLEAKI 45.10 45.10 45.10 45.10 45.10 45.10   (-100.0)
30.0
(-200.0)
40.0
uA EPHIN HOUSEKEEPING E-BIAS: LEAKAGE CURRENT (5EHSE800)
TEIO     348.12 349.70 349.70     (252.15)
347.26
(249.37)
361.15
K EPHIN ELECTRONICS HOUSING TEMP
TEPHIN     333.98 332.41 332.41     (259.93)
331.50
(257.15)
337.15
K EPHIN SENSOR HOUSING TEMP
S2HVLV (83.00) (83.00) (83.00) (83.00) (83.00) (83.00)   (126.0)
128.0
(125.0)
129.0
(2S2HVLV) Shield PMT 2 HV monitor
RSRFALV 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00   (172.0)
174.0
(171.0)
175.0
V Range switch setting (2RSRFALV)
OHRTHR27 297.31 297.29 297.29 297.29 297.32 297.32   (295.48)
297.15
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 20 : PERISCOPE
OHRTHR42 294.45 294.42 294.41 294.41 294.49 294.49   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 133: PERISCOPE
OHRTHR43 294.17 294.12 294.07 294.05 294.24 294.29   (291.59)
293.26
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 134: PERISCOPE
AGWS2V 2.72 2.72 2.72 2.72 2.72 2.72   (-0.10)
0.50
(-1.0)
0.60
V GYRO WHEEL SUPPLY 2 INPUT VOLTAGE
AFSSPC2V 3.52 3.52 3.52 3.52 3.52 3.52   (-0.10)
0.50
(-1.0)
0.60
V FSS POWER CONV 2 VOLTAGE
AIRU1G1T (292.59) (292.59) (292.59) (292.59) (292.59) (292.59)   (339.82)
343.15
(333.15)
349.82
K IRU-1 GYRO #1 TEMP
AIRU1G2T (292.59) (292.59) (292.59) (292.59) (292.59) (292.59)   (339.82)
343.15
(333.15)
349.82
K IRU-1 GYRO #2 TEMP
AIRU1VFT (291.48) (291.48) (291.48) (291.48) (291.48) (291.48)   (331.48)
334.82
(316.48)
349.82
K IRU-1 VFC TEMP
3TSMXCET 265.81 263.31 263.31 265.81   263.31   (153.15)
263.15
(148.15)
353.15
K -X TURTLE SHELL NR HRC CEA
3TSMXSPT 303.22 298.23 303.22 303.22 295.74 303.22   (203.15)
294.15
(148.15)
354.15
K -X TURTLE SHELL NR ACIS SS
ELBV (26.79)   (27.89) (26.64)       (28.0)
32.50
(25.0)
34.60
V LOAD BUS VOLTAGE
OHRMAPWR 165.30 161.60 170.90 171.20 156.80 165.30   (-1050)
40.0
(-1100)
60.0
W HRMA COMPUTED TOTAL POWER
ASPEB5CV 5.28 5.28 5.28 5.28 5.28 5.28   (-0.1)
0.7
(-1.0)
0.8
V SPE-B +5V CONVERTER VOLTAGE
TCYLAFT6           310.16   (259.93)
309.93
(226.59)
348.82
K CNT CYL TEMP:16-IN FWD OF SC-TS FIT-6
TFSSBKT2         365.00     (236.59)
362.71
(222.15)
372.71
K FSS BRACKET-2 TEMP (+Y)
TB1T1 (270.09) (270.09) (270.09) (270.09) (270.09) (270.34)   (270.37)
303.15
(268.15)
314.26
K BATT 1 TEMP 1
TB1T2 (270.34) (270.34) (270.34) (270.34) (270.34) (270.34)   (270.37)
303.15
(268.15)
314.26
K BATT 1 TEMP 2
TB1T3 (270.09) (270.09) (270.09) (270.09) (270.09) (270.09)   (270.37)
303.15
(268.15)
314.26
K BATT 1 TEMP 3
4PRT1AT 225.38     224.78       (204.37)
224.04
(132.15)
309.15
K IP A: PRE-COLLIMATOR PRT 1 TEMPERATURE
4PRT2AT 224.78             (204.37)
224.04
(132.15)
309.15
K IP A: PRE-COLLIMATOR PRT 2 TEMPERATURE
4PRT3AT 259.81 259.14 258.46 259.81 258.46 258.46   (204.37)
224.04
(132.15)
309.15
K IP A: PRE-COLLIMATOR PRT 3 TEMPERATURE
4PRT4AT 224.18     224.78       (204.37)
224.04
(132.15)
309.15
K IP A: PRE-COLLIMATOR PRT 4 TEMPERATURE
4PRT5BT (147.25) (147.25) (147.25) (147.25) (147.25) (147.25)   (188.71)
290.09
(133.15)
308.15
K IP B: PRE-COLLIMATOR PRT 5 TEMPERATURE
4RT560T 294.63 294.63 294.63 294.63 294.63 294.63   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 560 - HRMA TEMP
4RT567T 295.65 295.65 295.65 295.65 295.65 295.65   (292.15)
295.48
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 567 - HRMA TEMP
4RT569T 294.38 294.38 294.38 294.38 294.38 294.38   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 569 - HRMA TEMP
4RT570T 294.38 294.38 294.38 294.38 294.38 294.38   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 570 - HRMA TEMP
4RT575T 293.45 292.52 293.14 293.14 294.08 294.08   (281.04)
292.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 575 - OB CONE TEMP
4RT577T         297.27 295.98   (281.04)
295.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 577 - OB CONE TEMP
4RT578T 290.66 290.66 291.59 292.52 294.71 293.76   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 578 - OB CONE TEMP
4RT579T         291.28     (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 579 - OB CONE TEMP
4RT580T         290.66     (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 580 - OB CONE TEMP
4RT581T         295.03     (281.04)
292.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 581 - OB CONE TEMP
4RT584T 293.60         293.60   (281.04)
293.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 584 - STRUT TEMP
4RT585T 293.60 293.34       293.60   (281.04)
293.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 585 - STRUT TEMP
4RT586T 290.77         291.03   (281.04)
290.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 586 - STRUT TEMP
4RT590T 296.51         298.15   (281.04)
296.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 590 - STRUT TEMP
4RT591T 295.97         297.33   (281.04)
295.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 591 - STRUT TEMP
4RT595T 287.75       288.39 288.39   (281.04)
287.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 595 - TFTE TEMP
4RT597T 295.65 293.95 295.30 294.96 295.30 295.65   (279.93)
290.48
(232.15)
307.15
K RT 597 - TFTE TEMP
4RT598T 294.96 293.28 294.96 294.63 295.30 295.30   (279.93)
290.48
(232.15)
307.15
K RT 598 - TFTE TEMP
4RT700T 294.08   293.76 293.76 294.71 294.71   (281.04)
293.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 700 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT701T 291.90       292.21 292.52   (281.04)
291.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 701 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT702T         291.90 292.21   (281.04)
291.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 702 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT703T         291.28 291.28   (281.04)
290.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 703 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT704T 289.44 289.13 289.13 289.13 290.36 290.36   (281.04)
287.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 704 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT705T 284.53       285.15 285.15   (277.71)
284.04
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 705 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT706T         283.92 283.92   (277.71)
283.04
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 706 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT707T 285.46 285.15 285.15 285.15 286.38 286.38   (279.37)
284.93
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 707 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT708T 289.74       290.36 290.36   (281.04)
289.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 708 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT709T         291.28 291.28   (281.04)
290.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 709 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT710T         292.21 292.21   (281.04)
291.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 710 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
4RT711T         292.52 292.21   (281.04)
291.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 711 - OB BULKHEAD TEMP
OHRTHR02 295.41 295.41 295.41 295.41 295.42 295.41   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 2: HRMA FORWARD APERTURE PLATE
OHRTHR03 295.30 295.31 295.31 295.31 295.31 295.31   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 5: HRMA FORWARD APERTURE PLATE
OHRTHR04 295.45 295.45 295.44 295.45 295.45 295.45   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 9: HRMA PRECOLLIMATOR PLATE 10
OHRTHR05 294.79 294.79 294.79 294.80 294.80 294.79   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 13: HRMA AFT HEATER PLATE
OHRTHR09 294.38         294.38   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 105: HRMA CAP
OHRTHR18 294.52 294.50 294.49 294.49 294.52 294.52   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 130: FHS INNER CYLINDER
OHRTHR19 294.62 294.62 294.62 294.62 294.62 294.62   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 132: HRMA AFT HEATER PLATE
OHRTHR20 294.43 294.42 294.39 294.40 294.43 294.44   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 135: RRCA MOUNT
OHRTHR21 295.40 295.40 295.40 295.40 295.41 295.41   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 3: HRMA FOWARD APERTURE PLATE
OHRTHR22 295.33 295.33 295.33 295.33 295.33 295.33   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 6: HRMA FOWARD APERTURE PLATE
OHRTHR23 295.40 295.40 295.40 295.40 295.40 295.40   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 8: HRMA PRECOLLIMATOR PLATE 10
OHRTHR24 294.82 294.82 294.82 294.82 294.83 294.82   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 12: HRMA AFT HEATER PLATE
OHRTHR38 292.20 291.64 291.81 291.98 292.82 292.82   (284.93)
290.48
(254.37)
307.15
K RT 120: HRMA AFT COLLIMATOR OUTER CYLINDER
OHRTHR44 295.41 295.41 295.41 295.41 295.41 295.41   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 1: HRMA FORWARD APERTURE PLATE
OHRTHR45 295.33 295.33 295.33 295.33 295.33 295.33   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 4: HRMA FORWARD APERTURE PLATE
OHRTHR46 295.35 295.35 295.35 295.35 295.35 295.35   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 7: HRMA FORWARD APERTURE PLATE
OHRTHR47 295.45 295.45 295.45 295.45 295.44 295.45   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 10: HRMA PRECOLLIMATOR PLATE 10
OHRTHR49 294.83 294.81 294.81 294.81 294.83 294.83   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 11: HRMA AFT HEATER PLATE
OHRTHR55 294.37         294.37   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 111: HRMA P1 FLEXURE
OHRTHR59 295.40 295.40 295.40 295.40 295.40 295.40   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 119: HRMA PRECOLLIMATOR PLATE 10
OHRTHR62 294.43 294.43 294.42 294.42 294.43 294.43   (292.15)
294.37
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 128: FHS OUTER CYLINDER
OHRTHR63 295.04 295.04 295.04 295.04 295.04 295.04   (292.15)
294.93
(279.37)
307.15
K RT 131: HRMA FORWARD APERTURE PLATE
OOBTHR04 293.39         293.52   (281.04)
293.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 27: HRMA STRUT
OOBTHR05 293.54 293.28       293.68   (281.04)
293.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 28: HRMA STRUT
OOBTHR06           290.86   (281.04)
290.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 29: HRMA STRUT
OOBTHR08 292.51 291.51 292.38 292.69 293.87 293.48   (281.04)
291.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 31: OBA CONE
OOBTHR09 291.77     291.64 292.94 292.77   (281.04)
291.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 32: OBA CONE
OOBTHR10 290.49       291.66 291.62   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 33: OBA CONE
OOBTHR11         291.17 291.13   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 34: OBA CONE
OOBTHR12         291.28 291.19   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 35: OBA CONE
OOBTHR14         291.25 291.16   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 37: OBA CONE
OOBTHR15         291.69 291.60   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 38: OBA CONE
OOBTHR17 290.53     290.49 291.75 291.71   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 39: OBA CONE
OOBTHR18 291.53   291.23 291.57 292.84 292.62   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 40: OBA CONE
OOBTHR19     293.50 294.20 296.28 295.08   (281.04)
293.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 41: OBA CONE
OOBTHR20       292.78 294.85 294.10   (281.04)
292.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 42: OBA CONE
OOBTHR21       291.77 293.78 293.25   (281.04)
291.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 43: OBA CONE
OOBTHR22     290.83 291.57 293.58 293.05   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 44: OBA CONE
OOBTHR23       291.21 293.21 292.69   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 45: OBA CONE
OOBTHR24     290.74 291.44 293.45 292.92   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 46: OBA CONE
OOBTHR25     292.51 293.21 295.28 294.48   (281.04)
292.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 47: OBA CONE
OOBTHR26         296.38 295.18   (281.04)
294.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 48: OBA CONE
OOBTHR27         295.35 293.98   (281.04)
293.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 49: OBA CONE
OOBTHR28         295.23 294.44   (281.04)
293.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 50: OBA CONE
OOBTHR29       290.91 293.22 292.43   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 51: OBA CONE
OOBTHR30         294.69 293.73   (281.04)
292.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 52: OBA CONE
OOBTHR31         298.44     (281.04)
296.04
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 53: OBA AFT BULKHEAD
OOBTHR35         290.86     (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 57: OBA AFT BULKHEAD
OOBTHR36 283.56 283.56 283.56 283.56 283.56 283.56   (281.04)
283.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 58: TFTE CONE
OOBTHR37 283.33 283.28 283.28 283.28 283.33 283.33   (281.04)
283.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 59: TFTE CONE
OOBTHR38 283.35 283.35 283.35 283.35 283.35 283.35   (281.04)
283.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 60: TFTE CONE
OOBTHR39         291.72 291.86   (281.04)
291.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 61: TFTE CONE
OOBTHR40 288.11 287.72     288.68 288.72   (281.04)
287.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 62: TFTE CONE
OOBTHR41         285.51 285.56   (281.04)
284.93
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 63: TFTE CONE
OOBTHR44 292.34   291.81   292.29 292.77   (281.04)
291.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 66: TFTE COVER
OOBTHR45 296.79 295.32 296.61 296.30 296.70 296.96   (281.04)
295.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 67: TFTE COVER
OOBTHR46 292.04       292.21 292.43   (281.04)
291.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 68: TFTE COVER
OOBTHR51 296.02         297.36   (281.04)
295.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 77: S/C STRUT
OOBTHR52 295.48         296.77   (281.04)
295.26
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 78: S/C STRUT
OOBTHR56 300.80 299.10 301.25 300.80 300.71 300.98   (281.04)
293.04
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 158: OBA CONE
OOBTHR57         300.80     (281.04)
299.04
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 150: OBA CONE
OOBTHR58 292.85     292.58 293.65 293.48   (281.04)
292.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 151: OBA CONE
OOBTHR59 293.12   292.58 292.76 293.83 293.74   (281.04)
292.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 152: OBA CONE
OOBTHR60 291.96 291.87 293.03 293.65 295.80 294.90   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 153: OBA CONE
OOBTHR61       291.24 293.30 292.76   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 154: OBA CONE
OOBTHR62         291.35 291.35   (281.04)
290.48
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 155: OBA FWD BULKHEAD
OOBTHR63 287.94       288.81 288.81   (281.04)
287.71
(249.37)
307.15
K RT 156: OBA FWD BULKHEAD


IRUs

Recent Observations

OBSID DETECTOR GRATING TARGET ANALYSIS ACA
14690 ACIS-01237 NONE PSR J0358+5413 OK OK
14990 ACIS-56789 NONE 3C 111 OK OK
14539 ACIS-7 NONE RW Aur OK OK
14679 ACIS-7 NONE Crab OK OK
14636 ACIS-7 NONE 4U 0728-25 OK OK
15355 ACIS-678 NONE SDSS J1447-0203 OK OK
15031 ACIS-23678 NONE SDSS J094032.25+311328.6 OK OK
13953 ACIS-23678 NONE SDSS J123915.40+531414.6 OK OK
13929 ACIS-35678 NONE Mrk 709 OK OK
13957 ACIS-2678 NONE SDSS J100654.20+464717.2 OK OK
13464 ACIS-01236 NONE SPT-CLJ0212-4656 OK OK
13496 ACIS-01236 NONE SPT-CLJ2335-4544 OK OK
15144 ACIS-01236 NONE A2597 OK OK
14667 ACIS-01237 NONE Deep Field 04 OK OK
14642 ACIS-7 NONE Swift J1626.6-5156 OK OK
15216 ACIS-0123 NONE COSMOS Legacy OK OK
13882 ACIS-2367 NONE 3c244.1 OK OK
13973 ACIS-7 NONE J1009+2656 OK OK
13397 ACIS-01236 NONE SPT-CLJ0417-4748 OK OK

Trending

This week's focus is Ground Computed Gradients.

Last reported on Oct 25.

Only the most interesting or representative msids are shown below. For a full listing choose the bulletted link.

Min/max envelopes in dark blue appear on the trending plots. The envelopes are 4th degree fits to the monthly minimum and maximum values for each MSID. The final polynomial form and binning are still being experimented with. We will soon add to the trending pages a report of the fits and predictions they give on future limit violations. The light blue curve is our original smoothing of all the data over 30 day moving boxcars. The green/yellow line is a linear fit to all the data; the break occurs at a limit change.




If you have any questions, please contact: swolk@head.cfa.harvard.edu